1 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:37,760 'When I was little, everything I heard about black bears was scary. 2 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:44,920 'Today, they're still one of the most feared animals in North America.' 3 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:49,440 It's me, bear. 4 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:50,720 It's me. 5 00:00:50,720 --> 00:00:52,600 'My name is Lynn Rogers. 6 00:00:52,600 --> 00:00:58,360 'I've studied black bears for over 40 years. And during that time, 7 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:02,000 'my view of bears has totally changed. 8 00:01:08,360 --> 00:01:16,280 'This might look dangerous, but I've developed a way of working with wild bears based on trust. 9 00:01:18,880 --> 00:01:25,040 'And this bear, June, is the most remarkable bear I've ever known.' 10 00:01:31,720 --> 00:01:38,920 With her yearling cubs, she's revealing more about bears than I ever dreamed possible. 11 00:01:38,920 --> 00:01:43,000 She's teaching me how black bears think. 12 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:45,960 How they survive. 13 00:01:45,960 --> 00:01:49,280 And why we've misjudged them. 14 00:01:52,560 --> 00:01:56,440 The trouble is, she's not safe in these woods. 15 00:01:58,120 --> 00:02:03,480 Over the next 12 months I'll be walking with June through the Northwoods... 16 00:02:04,960 --> 00:02:08,280 ..torn between the excitement of learning about her life 17 00:02:10,840 --> 00:02:13,720 and my fear of losing her. 18 00:02:29,200 --> 00:02:35,120 I'm lucky to live in what I think is the most beautiful place in North America. 19 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:37,280 The Northwoods of Minnesota. 20 00:02:40,760 --> 00:02:43,880 It's my favourite season, spring. 21 00:02:43,880 --> 00:02:47,440 Bears all over the forest are coming out of their dens. 22 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:58,120 June and her year-old cubs are already up and out. 23 00:03:01,040 --> 00:03:05,440 But her sister, Juliet, is still underground. 24 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:15,280 And that's because she's given birth to new cubs. 25 00:03:17,800 --> 00:03:25,160 Like little monkeys, the first thing cubs do is practise climbing, their most important survival skill. 26 00:03:35,720 --> 00:03:39,720 Everyone warns you never to go near a mother bear with cubs. 27 00:03:43,320 --> 00:03:47,320 So what I'm about to do, most people would consider crazy. 28 00:03:47,320 --> 00:03:51,600 It's me, bear. It's me, me... 29 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,040 OK, it's a picture day. 30 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:08,600 BEAR GROWLS 31 00:04:08,600 --> 00:04:10,840 Are you happy to see me? 32 00:04:23,760 --> 00:04:29,200 She's not a mean bear, she's just a nervous bear, but she'll calm down. 33 00:04:33,600 --> 00:04:38,200 Juliet trusts me. She's just worried about the extra camera. 34 00:04:40,960 --> 00:04:45,840 She'll do that ritualised display and then settle down. 35 00:04:45,840 --> 00:04:48,360 Like if I wanted to... here... 36 00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:52,120 Here she was slapping and looking really ferocious 37 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:56,520 and then she'll just, gently with her tongue, take things from my hand. 38 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:00,960 She understands the programme, I can pet her. 39 00:05:03,240 --> 00:05:05,640 But if... 40 00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:12,120 she doesn't understand what's going on then she gets nervous, then we see the slapping. 41 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:14,320 So, she's more relaxed... 42 00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:16,880 she's laying her head on her paw... 43 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:19,560 got her eyes closed. 44 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:26,960 Kind of understands the situation so now she can settle down and do her regular stuff. 45 00:05:26,960 --> 00:05:32,680 Getting this close is the only way I can learn about bears as individuals. 46 00:05:32,680 --> 00:05:38,360 It's amazing the difference in personalities among bears and you can even see it as cubs. 47 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:44,720 This one with the light face 48 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:47,880 is braver, more adventuresome. 49 00:05:49,400 --> 00:05:54,880 We've named the cubs David, Mimi, and Tia the light-faced one. 50 00:05:56,680 --> 00:06:00,840 In this situation a grizzly bear mother might attack, 51 00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:05,440 but I don't know of anyone killed by a black bear defending cubs. 52 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:15,240 And moments like this make me think other assumptions about black bears could be wrong. 53 00:06:19,680 --> 00:06:25,160 Like most people in North America, I grew up with scary images of bears. 54 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:26,960 GROWLING 55 00:06:26,960 --> 00:06:32,360 The hunting magazines I saw as a kid showed black bears attacking humans. 56 00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:41,160 These pictures were drawn by artists who apparently knew little about bears. 57 00:06:41,160 --> 00:06:43,840 But they haunted me for years. 58 00:06:46,600 --> 00:06:52,640 Eventually, my fear turned to fascination and I became a bear biologist. 59 00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:56,320 When I started out in the late Sixties 60 00:06:56,320 --> 00:07:00,040 no-one believed we could observe natural behaviour. 61 00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:09,640 Like everyone else, my wife, Donna, and I thought our only option was to work with tranquilized bears. 62 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:18,200 But except for these brief moments when we fit radio collars, 63 00:07:18,200 --> 00:07:22,000 we seldom saw the animals we supposedly were studying. 64 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:31,720 After years, all we had were dots on maps. 65 00:07:35,960 --> 00:07:38,960 There had to be a better way. 66 00:07:51,640 --> 00:07:53,480 I've always loved nature. 67 00:07:55,440 --> 00:07:59,760 As a kid, I gained the trust of animals by feeding them. 68 00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,200 It never occurred to me to do the same with bears. 69 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:10,000 I'd always been told feeding bears would make them aggressive. 70 00:08:15,440 --> 00:08:20,280 But I felt that a little food could build trust and open a whole new world. 71 00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:30,840 I began to experiment, getting bears to associate my voice with food. 72 00:08:32,920 --> 00:08:39,080 At first I was nervous, but gradually some learned to trust me, and me them. 73 00:08:42,040 --> 00:08:47,240 And June has taken this trust further than I'd ever thought possible. 74 00:08:55,800 --> 00:08:58,240 I've known her since she was a year old. 75 00:09:00,040 --> 00:09:02,600 Last year she had three cubs. 76 00:09:02,600 --> 00:09:07,600 This year I want to find out how those yearlings become independent. 77 00:09:12,760 --> 00:09:15,200 It's April 21st. 78 00:09:15,200 --> 00:09:22,360 Sue Mansfield, my field researcher, and I, are homing in on June and her yearlings. 79 00:09:22,360 --> 00:09:25,080 Boy, when they are moving it's really hard to pin 'em down. 80 00:09:31,240 --> 00:09:35,840 Something interesting, that shadow is moving... 81 00:09:35,840 --> 00:09:37,160 Aha! 82 00:09:37,160 --> 00:09:39,720 And there's a bunch of shadows. 83 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:41,240 Yeah, here they are. 84 00:09:44,880 --> 00:09:47,600 It's me, bear. 85 00:09:47,600 --> 00:09:52,240 Sue's going to help me do something that nobody else in the world will do. 86 00:09:52,240 --> 00:09:58,200 'We're going to put a radio collar on a wild bear, but we're not going to tranquilize it first.' 87 00:09:58,200 --> 00:10:00,120 Where's your little ones, huh? 88 00:10:06,080 --> 00:10:07,600 OK, Lily. 89 00:10:09,840 --> 00:10:16,560 Our scheme is to use trust and treats instead of tranquilizers. 90 00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:24,360 So the treat today will be many nuts, more nuts than they ever saw in their life. 91 00:10:24,360 --> 00:10:27,680 And we hope that they're distracted enough 92 00:10:27,680 --> 00:10:31,920 that she won't mind when I put the radio collar on her. 93 00:10:31,920 --> 00:10:35,040 I think that's good. 94 00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:41,080 It will take Lily a little while to get used to the collar 95 00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:45,600 but then it will be just like wearing a watch or something. 96 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:51,920 The purpose of that radio collar on this yearling and this family is to see how she will relate to 97 00:10:51,920 --> 00:10:55,520 her mother after family break-up, which will happen in about a month. 98 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,600 Black bear mothers stay with their cubs for more than a year. 99 00:11:01,600 --> 00:11:06,520 And then the family splits up. But we've never seen how that happens. 100 00:11:09,920 --> 00:11:17,160 Not to act like a proud parent or anything, but this family of bears is providing more information 101 00:11:17,160 --> 00:11:21,360 about bear biology than any bear in the world ever has. 102 00:11:23,240 --> 00:11:30,360 It's just amazing, the relationship that Sue and I have with this family 103 00:11:30,360 --> 00:11:33,160 opens the door to stuff we didn't believe was possible. 104 00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:52,840 Our study site borders Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area. 105 00:11:56,600 --> 00:12:00,960 It's the largest wilderness in the Eastern United States. 106 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:07,000 So it's a great place to study natural behaviour of bears. 107 00:12:08,560 --> 00:12:13,680 But in these vast forests it's hard to find them. 108 00:12:21,400 --> 00:12:25,680 Even with a radio collar, it can take hours to find a bear. 109 00:12:28,120 --> 00:12:33,480 Through the trees I'm lucky to pick up a bear's signal from two miles away. 110 00:12:36,440 --> 00:12:39,840 But from a hill, it's more like five. 111 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:49,160 Sometimes a bear like June can roam up to fifty miles. 112 00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:53,320 When that happens the only way to find her is to fly. 113 00:13:06,920 --> 00:13:14,040 But for most of the year she lives in a small territory, which she knows like the back of her paw. 114 00:13:16,440 --> 00:13:22,760 Once we catch up with her on the ground we greet her with a handful of nuts. 115 00:13:22,760 --> 00:13:27,960 Then she'll ignore us and allow us to follow her family for the rest of the day. 116 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:35,120 Bears only have five months to fatten up for hibernation. 117 00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:41,360 From the time "green-up" begins in May, they're obsessed with food. 118 00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:47,560 New shoots are packed with easily digested nutrients. 119 00:13:47,560 --> 00:13:52,800 When it's warmer they can hit their favourite food - ant larvae. 120 00:13:54,960 --> 00:14:02,280 Like anteaters, they have long sticky tongues, powerful claws and great strength. 121 00:14:02,280 --> 00:14:05,480 Not to tear people limb from limb, 122 00:14:05,480 --> 00:14:08,800 but to rip open logs and turn over rocks. 123 00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:15,760 It's May 15th. 124 00:14:15,760 --> 00:14:21,480 June and her family are wandering along the western edge of their territory. 125 00:14:21,480 --> 00:14:24,080 They're curious about a hunting stand. 126 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:35,280 The irony is, today it's a playground. 127 00:14:36,800 --> 00:14:42,440 Come September, when it's bear hunting season, this could be a deadly place. 128 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:59,200 By late May it's getting warmer. 129 00:14:59,200 --> 00:15:02,920 June and her family are shedding their winter coats. 130 00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:09,120 And they spend a lot of time trying to get rid of their underfur. 131 00:15:35,840 --> 00:15:40,200 One thing we've discovered is how much bears play. 132 00:15:41,200 --> 00:15:44,280 For an animal that is stuck underground for seven months, 133 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:46,840 play must be a fun way to get strong again. 134 00:15:54,040 --> 00:15:58,520 Not only does it show how intelligent they are, it's great to watch. 135 00:16:01,240 --> 00:16:03,600 I try not to get involved. 136 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:36,720 Having three energetic yearlings has got to be a handful for June. 137 00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:43,280 And I have to keep up with them because I want to 138 00:16:43,280 --> 00:16:46,600 see how June's relationship with her yearlings will end. 139 00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:04,160 This is mother and daughter. 140 00:17:05,680 --> 00:17:07,960 June is seven. 141 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:11,080 Lily is almost one and a half. 142 00:17:12,600 --> 00:17:19,000 And close as these bears are today, tomorrow she could be chasing them away and saying, 143 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:20,720 "Don't come near me." 144 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:26,920 While they're together it seems to be a very deep bond. 145 00:17:33,480 --> 00:17:41,040 We put a collar on Lily so we could see how she relates to June after they split. 146 00:17:41,040 --> 00:17:43,720 Lily is a special bear too, but 147 00:17:43,720 --> 00:17:47,840 it's hard to say at this point if she'll match June. 148 00:17:49,360 --> 00:17:54,000 Whoa, see some sound, not ours, but some other sound really alerts them. 149 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:56,880 That was just Bud coming back. 150 00:17:56,880 --> 00:17:58,600 Hi, Bud. 151 00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:01,080 They sniff, they greet, 152 00:18:01,080 --> 00:18:04,120 identify each other, everything's calm. 153 00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:11,440 I've watched bears in the woods for thousands of hours now. 154 00:18:11,440 --> 00:18:13,880 I never get bored of it. 155 00:18:13,880 --> 00:18:19,200 The trouble is I'm learning enough that it's harder to answer questions. 156 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:26,880 I thought I knew a lot, but as I see all the variability I realise how little I know. 157 00:18:26,880 --> 00:18:29,080 I'm just scratching the surface... 158 00:18:29,080 --> 00:18:30,760 and that's after 41 years. 159 00:18:33,200 --> 00:18:41,000 For the first time we're seeing the detail of their language and social relationships. 160 00:18:41,000 --> 00:18:44,120 These yearlings will soon be independent, 161 00:18:44,120 --> 00:18:48,880 but they're still nursing and behaving like little cubs. 162 00:18:48,880 --> 00:18:54,960 It's interesting that they're nursing shortly before family break-up. 163 00:18:55,880 --> 00:19:02,240 Bears make this strange, kinda cute motor-like sound when they suckle. 164 00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:04,760 It means they're content. 165 00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:08,120 CUBS CONTINUE TO PURR 166 00:19:21,960 --> 00:19:25,160 We're making new discoveries all the time. 167 00:19:25,160 --> 00:19:31,320 We've found that family members groom each other for parasites, like primates do. 168 00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:39,200 Right now, June and her yearlings still seem very close, 169 00:19:39,200 --> 00:19:43,400 so we've got a moment to check up on her sister, Juliet. 170 00:19:44,920 --> 00:19:49,880 And when we catch up with her, we find things aren't going too well. 171 00:19:52,560 --> 00:19:54,360 It's June 7th. 172 00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:59,840 Juliet's smallest cub, Tia, has disappeared. 173 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:02,800 Mothers will pine for days over a cub. 174 00:20:05,840 --> 00:20:10,560 But Juliet has to move on and provide for the surviving two... 175 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:12,560 David and Mimi. 176 00:20:15,760 --> 00:20:19,320 They seem small for their age, especially Mimi. 177 00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:29,400 When Mimi first emerged from the den she was full of beans. 178 00:20:36,200 --> 00:20:39,200 Now she seems sluggish 179 00:20:39,200 --> 00:20:42,200 and I'm worried about her. 180 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:04,520 I'm not sure how things will pan out for this family. 181 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:22,840 I'll need to check up on them again soon. 182 00:21:22,840 --> 00:21:27,720 But right now I have to get back to June because this 183 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:32,680 is the time of year when females with yearlings are ready to mate. 184 00:21:34,320 --> 00:21:38,600 And they're leaving scent all over the forest. 185 00:21:40,120 --> 00:21:46,280 So the bears come out of the woods here, where they come down right through here, faint trail, 186 00:21:46,280 --> 00:21:51,000 leading to that big tree down there, that big red pine, which is a marking tree. 187 00:21:51,000 --> 00:21:56,840 But as they come along here they're sliding their feet. 188 00:21:56,840 --> 00:21:58,800 It's a way of scent marking. 189 00:22:02,560 --> 00:22:05,400 And now we're seeing the trail getting wider. 190 00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:09,680 That means they're spreading their hind legs farther out, what we call 191 00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:14,440 cowboy walking, sliding the feet and urinating at the same time. 192 00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:22,760 And then they stand up with their back against the tree 193 00:22:22,760 --> 00:22:28,000 and start rubbing, especially their crown, the back of their neck... 194 00:22:36,360 --> 00:22:38,480 Then they might turn around and bite... 195 00:22:39,800 --> 00:22:43,040 ..and then they get down and they leave. 196 00:22:47,200 --> 00:22:50,360 And they walk over this tree, 197 00:22:50,360 --> 00:22:54,600 probably dribbling urine as they go. 198 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:57,240 And then they walk over this tree... 199 00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:03,440 ..and out along this trail, 200 00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:07,200 and into the woods. 201 00:23:07,200 --> 00:23:11,080 They have many ways of leaving scent wherever they go. 202 00:23:12,080 --> 00:23:15,680 To read these signs I need to think like a bear. 203 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:19,560 Sometimes people say I've taken on the persona of a bear. 204 00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:24,040 Bears are the one of the most intelligent of the North American mammals. 205 00:23:24,040 --> 00:23:26,040 I don't mind being compared with a bear. 206 00:23:31,120 --> 00:23:32,880 BEAR SNIFFS 207 00:23:43,760 --> 00:23:49,640 Today is June 8th and we've found Lily and June again. 208 00:23:52,680 --> 00:23:58,880 Lily has no idea that these are her very last moments with her mother. 209 00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:04,280 June's scent has attracted one of the largest males in the area... 210 00:24:04,280 --> 00:24:05,960 Big Harry. 211 00:24:10,280 --> 00:24:13,400 He's over 200 kilograms. 212 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:17,760 Male bears can kill youngsters. 213 00:24:19,720 --> 00:24:23,720 So Lily retreats up a tree with one of her brothers. 214 00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:35,840 June is torn between her attraction to Big Harry and her concern for her yearlings. 215 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:45,440 CLICKING 216 00:24:45,440 --> 00:24:47,960 Big Harry clicks his tongue. 217 00:24:47,960 --> 00:24:51,760 He's showing his friendly intensions toward June. 218 00:24:53,600 --> 00:24:56,480 If June accepts Big Harry, 219 00:24:56,480 --> 00:25:01,080 her yearlings will be on their own for the rest of their lives. 220 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:07,760 Lily's terrified. 221 00:25:07,760 --> 00:25:10,920 LILY YELPS 222 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,280 June's bond with her yearlings has been so strong. 223 00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:17,960 But now it's over. 224 00:25:22,960 --> 00:25:25,920 CUB CONTINUES TO YELP IN BACKGROUND 225 00:25:27,000 --> 00:25:30,120 It may be traumatic for the yearlings, 226 00:25:30,120 --> 00:25:35,040 but for mother bears, accepting a male marks a new beginning. 227 00:25:36,280 --> 00:25:38,680 MUSIC: "I Take You There" 228 00:25:41,360 --> 00:25:43,000 # Oh! 229 00:25:46,360 --> 00:25:49,560 # I know a place, ah 230 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:54,680 # Ain't nobody cryin' 231 00:25:55,680 --> 00:25:58,600 # Ain't nobody worried 232 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,840 # Ain't no smilin' faces... # 233 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:06,080 No-one has recorded wild bears mating before. 234 00:26:10,720 --> 00:26:15,360 These good vibrations we call "fluttering". 235 00:26:20,920 --> 00:26:23,440 People tell me mating bears could attack us. 236 00:26:23,440 --> 00:26:27,160 But, they've never even threatened me. 237 00:26:35,000 --> 00:26:38,520 Big Harry is especially gentle. 238 00:26:51,800 --> 00:26:56,880 But some people have a knee-jerk fear of bears. 239 00:26:56,880 --> 00:27:01,360 And that can put bears, and us, in the firing line. 240 00:27:06,800 --> 00:27:08,880 GUNSHOT RINGS OUT '911.' 241 00:27:08,880 --> 00:27:11,000 'Hi, somebody just shot at us. 242 00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:15,080 'We were walking with bears and a shot came across the road at us. 243 00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:20,880 'Where are you? About two and a half miles down the Trygg Road.' 244 00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:29,040 'It's June 9th, the day after Big Harry and June got together. 245 00:27:29,040 --> 00:27:33,200 'And as they crossed the road someone took a pot shot at them. 246 00:27:34,840 --> 00:27:41,480 'We called 911 because it's illegal to shoot bears out of season and across a public road. 247 00:27:46,520 --> 00:27:51,240 'Walking with bears allows us to see the dangers they face. 248 00:27:55,440 --> 00:27:59,400 'Some people are so afraid of bears they shoot them on sight... 249 00:27:59,400 --> 00:28:03,120 'even when they pose no threat.' It's me, bear. 250 00:28:03,120 --> 00:28:07,360 MONITOR BEEPS REGULARLY 251 00:28:07,360 --> 00:28:10,240 'Most people say approaching a wounded bear is risky.' 252 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:11,440 There you are. 253 00:28:11,440 --> 00:28:16,320 But Sue and I need to find out if June or Harry have been hit. 254 00:28:29,720 --> 00:28:35,800 If you could just move so that you could show us if you have a wound, that would be ideal. 255 00:28:38,400 --> 00:28:40,640 Here we are in the woods 256 00:28:40,640 --> 00:28:46,920 20 feet from a 400+ lb male who we think may be wounded, 257 00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:51,920 but he's not, he's not showing any signs of aggression. 258 00:28:59,600 --> 00:29:05,280 Oh, look at how he is favouring that back right hind leg. 259 00:29:05,280 --> 00:29:07,520 He just now put his heel down. 260 00:29:11,840 --> 00:29:15,000 Good bear, June, good bear. 261 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:16,840 Yeah, good bear. 262 00:29:16,840 --> 00:29:20,920 June's appeared and seems to be checking that Big Harry is OK. 263 00:29:23,600 --> 00:29:27,720 He couldn't get up to join her so she's going over to join him. 264 00:29:31,320 --> 00:29:33,640 This particular bear 265 00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:36,680 I saw with a bullet wound, a fresh bullet wound 266 00:29:36,680 --> 00:29:42,880 towards the end of last summer and that's why he has that, that bare spot above his tail... 267 00:29:42,880 --> 00:29:50,840 That's from, where that bullet entered and the healing process caused him to lose his fur there. 268 00:29:50,840 --> 00:29:54,480 I think a lot of our bears are carrying lead. 269 00:29:57,760 --> 00:30:03,240 Unfortunately, trying to capture him could do more harm than good. 270 00:30:03,240 --> 00:30:05,960 We can only hope he'll recover. 271 00:30:17,280 --> 00:30:23,120 48 hours later, Big Harry and June are still together. 272 00:30:28,240 --> 00:30:29,840 I worry for both of them. 273 00:30:29,840 --> 00:30:35,000 But it would be a huge blow to the research if we lost June. 274 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:45,440 I don't blame people for being afraid of bears, because we all grow up with ferocious images of them. 275 00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:52,360 I want people to know enough about bears so they don't shoot them out of misplaced fear. 276 00:30:57,800 --> 00:31:02,760 The best way for people to do that is to meet them. 277 00:31:02,760 --> 00:31:06,720 That's why we've started courses at our research cabin. 278 00:31:08,320 --> 00:31:10,600 'Nicole is from Quebec. 279 00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:14,920 'And like many people, she's afraid to go hiking because of bears.' 280 00:31:16,440 --> 00:31:20,320 I came here because I want to overcome my fear of bears. 281 00:31:20,320 --> 00:31:25,000 Because I'm a hiker and I want to go back to hiking this summer. 282 00:31:25,000 --> 00:31:29,400 Seldom we hear something good or nice about a bear. 283 00:31:29,400 --> 00:31:31,760 'It's in my mind now. 284 00:31:31,760 --> 00:31:33,360 'I work on my mind.' 285 00:31:35,600 --> 00:31:40,120 Now, now it's time to face your worst fear, your worst nightmare here. 286 00:31:40,120 --> 00:31:43,080 What's his name? Black as midnight. 287 00:31:43,080 --> 00:31:44,360 LAUGHTER 288 00:31:44,360 --> 00:31:45,960 Dale. His name is Dale. 289 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:50,280 'She's meeting Dale, a young bear that sometimes visits the cabin.' 290 00:31:50,280 --> 00:31:52,320 I don't have any hormones... 291 00:31:53,840 --> 00:31:55,880 See if he likes you. Dale. 292 00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:57,720 When it comes here, what do I do? 293 00:31:57,720 --> 00:32:02,080 Dale, do you like Nicole? Do you like Nicole? 294 00:32:02,080 --> 00:32:06,000 He says wow, this is, everybody's right here, oh... 295 00:32:06,000 --> 00:32:08,120 I do like Nicole. 296 00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:12,080 Well, Dale, you're not even using your teeth. 297 00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:19,240 Wouldn't you rather have human flesh? 298 00:32:19,240 --> 00:32:22,120 Good, I'm all shaky! 299 00:32:22,120 --> 00:32:24,320 I'm so pleased. 300 00:32:29,600 --> 00:32:32,320 'We've been criticised for feeding bears. 301 00:32:32,320 --> 00:32:36,960 'There's an assumption that fed bears will expect food and become aggressive. 302 00:32:36,960 --> 00:32:39,760 'But the funny thing is... 303 00:32:39,760 --> 00:32:42,760 'no scientific research supports this.' 304 00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:45,240 And it's not what we see. 305 00:32:50,800 --> 00:32:57,320 Around here many home-owners have been feeding bears for over forty years. 306 00:33:01,400 --> 00:33:07,160 We have fewer nuisance bears than other parts of the country and we've never had an attack. 307 00:33:13,200 --> 00:33:17,120 Bears' lives are ruled by fear and food. 308 00:33:19,400 --> 00:33:23,000 When people see wild bears they can get the wrong idea. 309 00:33:24,560 --> 00:33:29,560 When bears get scared they sometimes swat the ground or a bush. 310 00:33:36,080 --> 00:33:39,520 People think they're about to attack. 311 00:33:41,360 --> 00:33:47,600 But it's just their way of saying "I'm nervous, give me some space and let's talk about it." 312 00:33:54,400 --> 00:33:57,920 Bears show their tremendous power towards each other. 313 00:34:00,360 --> 00:34:06,320 Sue filmed two of the biggest males, Lumpy and One-eyed Jack, fighting over a female. 314 00:34:12,520 --> 00:34:14,960 Males have died in these fights. 315 00:34:35,280 --> 00:34:39,280 One-eyed Jack is old and gets the worst of it. 316 00:34:39,280 --> 00:34:41,120 I hope he'll be OK. 317 00:34:43,040 --> 00:34:49,440 The big males look frightening, but we've found them to be even more gentle than the females. 318 00:34:50,960 --> 00:34:54,360 When One-eyed Jack visited the cabin, 319 00:34:54,360 --> 00:34:59,000 I laid some nuts on the weigh scale hoping he'd let me check him for wounds. 320 00:35:05,000 --> 00:35:09,600 Jack was blinded in one eye, years ago, when a landowner shot him. 321 00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:17,560 Today, he weighs nearly 250 kilograms. 322 00:35:17,560 --> 00:35:23,600 I'm moved that Jack trusts me now, after what a human did to him. 323 00:35:23,600 --> 00:35:27,840 It says a lot about the true nature of black bears. 324 00:35:32,640 --> 00:35:35,040 Jack has no feelings for me. 325 00:35:35,040 --> 00:35:37,880 He's just happy with the deal here. 326 00:35:41,120 --> 00:35:44,560 Touch is a universal language. 327 00:35:44,560 --> 00:35:48,720 It helps us collect data we couldn't get any other way. 328 00:35:59,680 --> 00:36:03,440 I'm happy to see Jack is healing well. 329 00:36:03,440 --> 00:36:09,040 But sometimes other bears fail to thrive and it's difficult to work out why. 330 00:36:16,480 --> 00:36:18,840 It's mid-August 331 00:36:18,840 --> 00:36:24,400 and June's sister, Juliet, now has a problem with another cub. 332 00:36:26,080 --> 00:36:30,400 David is doing well, but little Mimi is sick. 333 00:36:31,920 --> 00:36:33,960 She's shaking 334 00:36:33,960 --> 00:36:39,040 and having a hard time keeping up with her mother. 335 00:36:44,640 --> 00:36:47,400 Later that day 336 00:36:47,400 --> 00:36:48,920 Mimi disappeared. 337 00:36:56,720 --> 00:36:58,840 JULIET CALLS FOR MIMI 338 00:37:00,360 --> 00:37:04,400 She's looking for her cub. Here's the one following her that's healthy. 339 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:15,960 We've just got to watch what Juliet does here... 340 00:37:15,960 --> 00:37:20,800 She's looking round in these ruts, and there's space beneath the ruts, the bear could be under that rut. 341 00:37:23,640 --> 00:37:26,800 There it is, there it is. 342 00:37:26,800 --> 00:37:28,600 There's the cub. 343 00:37:28,600 --> 00:37:30,440 She led us to her. 344 00:37:33,440 --> 00:37:36,560 JULIET CALLS 345 00:37:45,440 --> 00:37:49,240 Your heart really goes out to a little cub like this that, 346 00:37:49,240 --> 00:37:53,840 er, is just trying hard to grow up and make its way 347 00:37:53,840 --> 00:37:57,360 and got caught with some kind of sickness, I don't know what. 348 00:38:08,560 --> 00:38:11,640 Juliet started with three cubs 349 00:38:11,640 --> 00:38:16,200 and lost first a female and now this female is sick. 350 00:38:16,200 --> 00:38:19,920 She's got a male still with her, very healthy... 351 00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:25,480 Juliet seems like she doesn't know what to do... 352 00:38:25,480 --> 00:38:30,000 Here's a cub that she's staying in the vicinity of where it is. 353 00:38:30,000 --> 00:38:34,840 But she has to eat, make milk to help the other cub survive. 354 00:38:34,840 --> 00:38:36,960 She's torn... 355 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:49,880 I'm just waiting to see what's going to happen in the next 24 hours with this bear. 356 00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:56,920 It could, it could make a miraculous recovery and I'll be happy 357 00:38:56,920 --> 00:39:01,440 or it could be that, it looks like it's just going downhill. 358 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:12,840 Many times through the research I've seen situations where I've wanted to help 359 00:39:12,840 --> 00:39:16,760 and very glad that I didn't intervene because I wouldn't have learned anything. 360 00:39:16,760 --> 00:39:22,240 I would have just helped one bear, and not learned anything that could help all bears. 361 00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:36,880 That night, I returned to Mimi's resting spot under the tree. 362 00:40:00,520 --> 00:40:03,680 She'll still warm, but dead... 363 00:40:03,680 --> 00:40:06,800 And there are signs the mother has been back to check. 364 00:40:06,800 --> 00:40:12,720 Here's a clump of fur that she probably checked to see if the cub was responsive. 365 00:40:12,720 --> 00:40:19,040 And wasn't, and she wasn't here when I came, so she probably then just went on. 366 00:40:19,040 --> 00:40:22,280 OK, come on, little girl. 367 00:40:22,280 --> 00:40:25,280 I wanna see what happened to you... 368 00:40:43,400 --> 00:40:45,640 OK, at least we'll find out 369 00:40:45,640 --> 00:40:47,160 what happened. 370 00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:56,800 It looks like she died in her sleep. 371 00:40:57,840 --> 00:40:59,880 Her eyes are closed. 372 00:41:04,040 --> 00:41:06,040 Poor sick cub. 373 00:41:06,040 --> 00:41:08,200 MUSIC: "Delicate" by Damien Rice 374 00:41:14,160 --> 00:41:16,560 # We are alone 375 00:41:21,120 --> 00:41:24,120 # Nobody's watching 376 00:41:25,400 --> 00:41:27,120 # We might take it home... # 377 00:41:32,720 --> 00:41:36,320 Later, we found out that Mimi died from a deer parasite. 378 00:41:36,320 --> 00:41:40,200 We're now studying it to see if it will affect other bears. 379 00:41:46,360 --> 00:41:49,680 # It's not that we're scared 380 00:41:49,680 --> 00:41:52,280 # It's just that it's delicate... # 381 00:41:57,280 --> 00:41:59,320 It's August 22nd. 382 00:41:59,320 --> 00:42:05,560 Summer's ending, and the bears need to pile on the pounds before they den. 383 00:42:18,560 --> 00:42:21,840 This year there's plenty of wild food to go round... 384 00:42:21,840 --> 00:42:25,560 and it's led to something unusual. 385 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:33,240 Three male yearlings from different mothers are hanging out together. 386 00:42:34,720 --> 00:42:37,720 We've named them The Three Amigos. 387 00:42:44,040 --> 00:42:47,360 Dale, his brother, Mickey, 388 00:42:47,360 --> 00:42:51,120 and June's yearling, Cal, have formed a gang. 389 00:42:51,120 --> 00:42:55,720 # Sittin' in the jailhouse tryin' to learn some good... # 390 00:42:55,720 --> 00:42:59,680 I want to study this friendship so I need to get collars on them. 391 00:42:59,680 --> 00:43:00,920 MUSIC: "Sissyneck" by Beck 392 00:43:00,920 --> 00:43:04,280 # Got a stolen wife and a rhinestone life 393 00:43:04,280 --> 00:43:06,520 # And some good ol' boys 394 00:43:07,920 --> 00:43:12,320 # I'm writin' my will on a three-dollar bill 395 00:43:12,320 --> 00:43:14,680 # In the evening time... # 396 00:43:14,680 --> 00:43:18,080 I just managed to collar Cal and Mickey, 397 00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:21,360 but Dale would have none of it. 398 00:43:25,080 --> 00:43:28,840 The Three Amigos trust me here at the cabin. 399 00:43:28,840 --> 00:43:31,960 But they won't let me follow them in the forest. 400 00:43:31,960 --> 00:43:36,520 They're on their own. And hunting season begins in just a few days. 401 00:43:44,840 --> 00:43:48,600 Hunting is a big part of the culture here in the Northwoods. 402 00:43:50,680 --> 00:43:54,120 People hunt bears for trophies and for meat. 403 00:44:00,000 --> 00:44:03,520 The six-week bear hunting season begins on September the first. 404 00:44:08,600 --> 00:44:12,920 From mid-August hunters put bait out to attract hungry bears 405 00:44:12,920 --> 00:44:15,280 to their shooting stands. 406 00:44:17,240 --> 00:44:24,280 At the same time, we put up signs asking hunters not to shoot our 12 radio-collared bears... 407 00:44:24,280 --> 00:44:27,200 out of the 15,000 bears in the State. 408 00:44:43,120 --> 00:44:45,880 We tie ribbons on collared bears 409 00:44:45,880 --> 00:44:49,520 so hunters can easily see these are research animals. 410 00:44:53,520 --> 00:44:55,520 Pretty in pink. > 411 00:45:09,960 --> 00:45:16,280 The next day, I was putting ribbons on Lily when we saw the harsh reality of 412 00:45:16,280 --> 00:45:19,000 her life after the family split. 413 00:45:20,560 --> 00:45:22,400 OK. Lily. 414 00:45:22,400 --> 00:45:24,640 OK, come nice bear. 415 00:45:24,640 --> 00:45:27,680 OK, come on. Here, bear. 416 00:45:35,880 --> 00:45:37,960 FIGHTING CALLS 417 00:45:44,600 --> 00:45:45,960 That was amazing. 418 00:45:45,960 --> 00:45:47,560 June was back here. 419 00:45:47,560 --> 00:45:50,320 Lily was here for us to put ribbons on her collar. 420 00:45:50,320 --> 00:45:54,760 All of a sudden June just barrelled through... 421 00:45:55,920 --> 00:45:58,600 ..right past me, nudged me as she went by, 422 00:45:58,600 --> 00:46:02,760 and Lily tried to get up that Tamarack tree but then came back down. 423 00:46:02,760 --> 00:46:04,440 I think it's because June bit her. 424 00:46:07,400 --> 00:46:12,480 These mothers really enforce it that you cannot hang out where I'm hanging out... 425 00:46:12,480 --> 00:46:17,320 On the other hand, if Lily were down in her usual area 426 00:46:17,320 --> 00:46:19,360 which is south of these lakes here, 427 00:46:19,360 --> 00:46:23,120 right in the middle of June's territory, 428 00:46:23,120 --> 00:46:26,640 June passes through there quickly giving her exclusive feeding privileges 429 00:46:26,640 --> 00:46:29,360 in that area, but apparently not here. 430 00:46:29,360 --> 00:46:34,440 We're learning stuff all the time about family relationships after family break-up. 431 00:46:36,640 --> 00:46:43,000 June's had to be brutal to Lily. She needs to defend her food patch for any future cubs. 432 00:46:49,200 --> 00:46:52,640 But tomorrow they will have bigger problems. 433 00:46:52,640 --> 00:46:55,760 It's the first of September. 434 00:46:55,760 --> 00:46:57,760 Hunting season. 435 00:47:07,080 --> 00:47:11,600 Research bears like June are so valuable to science that when 436 00:47:11,600 --> 00:47:17,600 hunting starts, we try to follow them from before dawn until after dark. 437 00:47:17,600 --> 00:47:21,280 That also puts US in the line of fire, 438 00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:24,960 o we wear fluorescent jackets to be more visible. 439 00:47:27,160 --> 00:47:31,680 This is the only time black bear research becomes dangerous. 440 00:47:42,600 --> 00:47:46,760 In my 41 years of research I've never found a bear like this, 441 00:47:46,760 --> 00:47:51,720 that I could walk with, rest with, and have her be this calm... 442 00:47:57,600 --> 00:48:03,640 'If this bear is killed it would just ruin the project. 443 00:48:03,640 --> 00:48:08,760 'She's seven years old and she has become the gentlest, 444 00:48:08,760 --> 00:48:13,560 'most trusting bear that I, I could imagine.' 445 00:48:19,280 --> 00:48:24,960 But like any wild bear, June could be drawn to a hunter's bait. 446 00:48:40,760 --> 00:48:44,200 The hunter was nice enough to call me and describe the bear. 447 00:48:44,200 --> 00:48:47,080 And it was Dale, one of The Three Amigos. 448 00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:50,080 Mickey, Cal and Dale, they hung out together. 449 00:48:50,080 --> 00:48:56,360 We wanted to find out how that relationship, how long it would continue, but well... 450 00:48:56,360 --> 00:48:57,880 we won't get that. 451 00:49:03,480 --> 00:49:09,160 When you find out that a bear you know has been killed it does something to you. 452 00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:12,840 You're happy also to know that the death was quick. 453 00:49:12,840 --> 00:49:16,840 It's ironic that it was Dale, 454 00:49:16,840 --> 00:49:21,320 the animal who helped so many people get over their fear of bears. 455 00:49:21,320 --> 00:49:23,880 We hate to lose Dale, but on the other hand 456 00:49:23,880 --> 00:49:26,120 hunting is a fact of life here. 457 00:49:29,520 --> 00:49:31,960 We're going to be on edge for the next six weeks... 458 00:49:31,960 --> 00:49:35,040 It's a six-week hunting season. This is just day one. 459 00:49:36,760 --> 00:49:38,760 We'll see what happens tomorrow. 460 00:50:00,760 --> 00:50:06,160 30 years ago I helped re-write the State's bear hunting regulations. 461 00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:14,720 We reduced the season from 52 weeks to six and made it more humane. 462 00:50:23,160 --> 00:50:25,600 BEEPING 463 00:50:41,200 --> 00:50:45,040 A few days later, there's another gunshot. 464 00:50:51,040 --> 00:50:53,680 This is where the tree stand was. 465 00:50:57,440 --> 00:51:01,040 And this is where the bait was. 466 00:51:01,040 --> 00:51:03,880 Then we found Mickey's remains. 467 00:51:03,880 --> 00:51:09,480 There's no way the person would miss that this is a radio-collared bear. 468 00:51:09,480 --> 00:51:12,160 This bear could have given us so much information. 469 00:51:12,160 --> 00:51:16,240 He was an unusually good bear for research. 470 00:51:16,240 --> 00:51:22,480 Now he's just gonna be a little meat in somebody's freezer, maybe a skin, maybe a head on somebody's wall. 471 00:51:22,480 --> 00:51:25,960 And he could have given so much to science. 472 00:51:27,560 --> 00:51:31,240 There were three amigos, Mickey, his brother Dale, 473 00:51:31,240 --> 00:51:35,280 and June's yearling Cal, 474 00:51:35,280 --> 00:51:39,840 were just three friends that went everywhere together. 475 00:51:39,840 --> 00:51:44,800 And then Dale got shot the first day of hunting season, and then 476 00:51:44,800 --> 00:51:49,640 Mickey did and then Cal just loyally hung in there, close by Mickey, 477 00:51:49,640 --> 00:51:52,240 the only one left of his two friends. 478 00:51:53,880 --> 00:51:58,920 I worry because we are less than a week into a six-week hunting season and we've already lost 479 00:51:58,920 --> 00:52:01,040 two valuable study bears. 480 00:52:02,560 --> 00:52:06,120 So, we'll see what happens. 481 00:52:10,560 --> 00:52:14,240 I worried our study animals would be vulnerable. 482 00:52:14,240 --> 00:52:18,200 But on average they are four times less likely to be shot. 483 00:52:18,200 --> 00:52:20,400 This year was worse than usual. 484 00:52:23,960 --> 00:52:29,240 I hope the more we learn about bears, the more tolerant we'll be. 485 00:52:33,720 --> 00:52:35,400 It's a fact... 486 00:52:35,400 --> 00:52:40,680 the more experience bears have with people the less likely THEY are to harm US. 487 00:52:42,520 --> 00:52:47,400 Most black bear attacks happen in the remote areas of Canada and Alaska. 488 00:52:50,440 --> 00:52:56,440 In the Eastern US there have been only three fatalities in the last hundred years. 489 00:53:00,240 --> 00:53:02,800 'I wish people could see what I see.' 490 00:53:10,040 --> 00:53:13,480 It's September 5th. 491 00:53:13,480 --> 00:53:17,000 June has found a den on a protected island. 492 00:53:19,480 --> 00:53:24,440 She's denned really early, which could mean she's pregnant. 493 00:53:27,840 --> 00:53:32,680 Before she settles in she gives me an amazing opportunity. 494 00:53:32,680 --> 00:53:37,280 She allows me to measure her heart rate, so I can track the enormous 495 00:53:37,280 --> 00:53:40,640 changes that happen to her body as winter approaches. 496 00:53:42,320 --> 00:53:44,600 I'm checking her heart rate because in the winter 497 00:53:44,600 --> 00:53:49,120 their heart rate drops greatly to as low as eight beats a minute. 498 00:53:49,120 --> 00:53:54,800 And right now she's in transition, she's making her den, she's slowing down for the winter. 499 00:53:54,800 --> 00:53:57,240 Just a few days ago the heart rate was 78. 500 00:53:57,240 --> 00:53:59,480 Yesterday it was 64. 501 00:53:59,480 --> 00:54:02,200 Today it's 60. 502 00:54:02,480 --> 00:54:04,640 I'm just amazed 503 00:54:04,640 --> 00:54:06,720 at the tolerance 504 00:54:06,720 --> 00:54:08,280 of this bear. 505 00:54:09,880 --> 00:54:13,680 She's showing just complete trust. 506 00:54:13,680 --> 00:54:15,560 It's not that she likes me. 507 00:54:15,560 --> 00:54:17,960 It's just that she trusts me. 508 00:54:19,600 --> 00:54:21,480 # Sleep 509 00:54:22,640 --> 00:54:25,280 # Don't weep 510 00:54:27,320 --> 00:54:31,600 # My sweet 511 00:54:31,600 --> 00:54:32,800 # Love... # 512 00:54:32,800 --> 00:54:38,760 We are so relieved that she's going into a den this early. 513 00:54:38,760 --> 00:54:43,880 There's five weeks of hunting season to go yet. She's going to be safe. 514 00:55:01,040 --> 00:55:02,640 It's a beautiful time of year. 515 00:55:12,440 --> 00:55:18,160 'But my wife Donna and I can't sleep easily until all our bears are in dens. 516 00:55:20,800 --> 00:55:24,840 Lily's made it through hunting season, all by herself. 517 00:55:25,840 --> 00:55:29,800 She makes her first den in early October. 518 00:55:33,960 --> 00:55:38,800 Juliet and her surviving cub David, are sleeping safely too. 519 00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:48,760 And even Big Harry will see another spring. 520 00:55:54,520 --> 00:56:00,000 For the first half of my life I struggled to conquer my fear of bears. 521 00:56:05,760 --> 00:56:10,520 Bears like June have taught me that they are not the ferocious animals we once thought. 522 00:56:19,040 --> 00:56:24,640 And that I'm safer here in the woods than anywhere else. 523 00:56:31,080 --> 00:56:34,600 But I wonder if I will be able to share with others 524 00:56:34,600 --> 00:56:37,880 what it's taken me a lifetime to learn. 525 00:56:37,880 --> 00:56:39,120 BIRD SINGS 526 00:56:43,360 --> 00:56:47,280 I can't wait until spring to see what else June can teach us. 527 00:56:52,160 --> 00:56:57,520 In April, I walked across the last of the melting ice to June's den. 528 00:57:08,680 --> 00:57:10,720 It's me, bear. Come, June. 529 00:57:10,720 --> 00:57:13,360 Here. Look at that. 530 00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:32,160 I found she had two beautiful new cubs. 531 00:57:34,760 --> 00:57:39,480 To me, there's nothing cuter in the forest. 532 00:57:43,640 --> 00:57:47,400 Maybe they'll do as much for bears as June has. 533 00:57:53,320 --> 00:57:58,360 They give me hope that people will one day learn to overcome 534 00:57:58,360 --> 00:58:01,880 their unreasonable fear of these timid and intelligent creatures. 535 00:58:06,800 --> 00:58:11,720 And that these wonderful forests will continue to be their home for generations to come. 536 00:58:11,720 --> 00:58:16,880 # And I think to myself 537 00:58:16,880 --> 00:58:21,960 # What a wonderful world 538 00:58:21,960 --> 00:58:27,160 # World Some day I'll wish upon a star 539 00:58:27,160 --> 00:58:35,280 # Wake up where the clouds are far behind me 540 00:58:35,280 --> 00:58:38,280 # Where trouble melts like lemon drops 541 00:58:38,280 --> 00:58:41,000 # High above the chimney tops 542 00:58:41,000 --> 00:58:46,120 # That's where you'll find me 543 00:58:46,120 --> 00:58:51,080 # Oh, somewhere over the rainbow... # 544 00:58:51,080 --> 00:58:54,120 Subtitles by Red Bee Media Ltd 545 00:58:54,120 --> 00:58:57,160 Email subtitling@bbc.co.uk