1 00:00:10,300 --> 00:00:15,000 ♪♪ Teach your children well ♪♪ 2 00:00:15,100 --> 00:00:22,700 ♪♪ Their father's hell did slowly go by ♪♪ 3 00:00:34,800 --> 00:00:37,500 ♪♪ Don't you ever ask them why ♪♪ 4 00:00:37,700 --> 00:00:40,500 ♪♪ if they told you, you would cry ♪♪ 5 00:00:40,500 --> 00:00:47,300 ♪♪ So just look at them and sigh ♪♪ 6 00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:51,500 ♪♪ I know they love you ♪♪ 7 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:56,700 ♪♪ Teach your children well ♪♪ 8 00:00:56,750 --> 00:01:02,500 ♪♪ and know they love you ♪♪ 9 00:01:04,500 --> 00:01:07,547 The South Pacific 10 00:01:07,588 --> 00:01:12,053 lagoons that hand to paradise 11 00:01:12,094 --> 00:01:13,972 magnificent coral reefs 12 00:01:14,013 --> 00:01:20,230 the tears on the light, the dreaming corners of our minds 13 00:01:20,606 --> 00:01:26,823 This is the world as we wish as could always be 14 00:01:54,328 --> 00:01:56,865 In this great corner of life 15 00:01:56,948 --> 00:02:00,703 thousands of colorful characters coexist 16 00:02:00,745 --> 00:02:03,666 Diversity strengthens coral reef 17 00:02:03,707 --> 00:02:05,084 The more species 18 00:02:05,127 --> 00:02:08,088 the more survival systems 19 00:02:08,131 --> 00:02:14,347 Coral reefs have been going strong for sixteen million years 20 00:02:14,515 --> 00:02:18,395 Some corals sway like flowers in the breeze 21 00:02:18,436 --> 00:02:22,025 others masquerade the stones 22 00:02:22,066 --> 00:02:28,284 but all corals are animals 23 00:02:29,618 --> 00:02:33,457 This underwater playgrounds are built by hard corals 24 00:02:33,498 --> 00:02:38,130 which produce lime stone and turn it into homes 25 00:02:38,172 --> 00:02:40,592 Stacked one atop the other 26 00:02:40,633 --> 00:02:42,053 millions of coral homes 27 00:02:42,094 --> 00:02:48,312 gradually form a gigantic reef 28 00:02:48,394 --> 00:02:51,899 How wonderful that the largest living structures on Earth 29 00:02:51,942 --> 00:02:58,158 are built by tiny animals 30 00:03:02,707 --> 00:03:05,877 Coral reefs protect nearly all tropical coasts 31 00:03:05,961 --> 00:03:12,177 standing between islanders' homes and violent seas 32 00:03:24,453 --> 00:03:25,696 When we're injured 33 00:03:25,739 --> 00:03:28,743 doctors use calcium carbonate from coral 34 00:03:28,784 --> 00:03:31,622 to mend our broken bones 35 00:03:31,663 --> 00:03:33,040 When we're sick 36 00:03:33,081 --> 00:03:34,834 chemical compounds from the reef 37 00:03:34,876 --> 00:03:38,297 may restore our health 38 00:03:38,339 --> 00:03:39,549 No place on earth 39 00:03:39,590 --> 00:03:45,808 holds greater potential for medical cures 40 00:03:45,974 --> 00:03:48,025 Reefs feed us 41 00:03:48,020 --> 00:03:49,938 over three hundred million people 42 00:03:50,022 --> 00:03:53,944 rely on fish from reefs 43 00:03:53,985 --> 00:03:56,657 For Pacific islanders like me 44 00:03:56,698 --> 00:04:02,915 our coral reefs are as necessary as the air we breath 45 00:04:10,926 --> 00:04:13,888 Rusi Vulakoro, a native of Fiji 46 00:04:13,931 --> 00:04:20,147 has always lived close to the sea 47 00:04:23,610 --> 00:04:24,821 For centuries 48 00:04:24,862 --> 00:04:27,741 my ancestors were careful not to overfish 49 00:04:27,782 --> 00:04:30,411 so our reef was healthy 50 00:04:30,454 --> 00:04:31,580 But this year 51 00:04:31,621 --> 00:04:33,916 something happened 52 00:04:33,958 --> 00:04:40,175 something terrible 53 00:04:40,675 --> 00:04:46,893 A black of death settled over the reef 54 00:04:48,186 --> 00:04:54,403 What was killing our reef? 55 00:04:57,366 --> 00:05:01,497 I made up my mind to find some answers 56 00:05:01,538 --> 00:05:03,081 I decided to reach out to 57 00:05:03,124 --> 00:05:07,421 some of my dive partners around the world 58 00:05:07,463 --> 00:05:09,340 Howard and Michelle Hall 59 00:05:09,383 --> 00:05:13,138 have spent thirty years exploring and filming reefs 60 00:05:13,179 --> 00:05:16,934 Their underwater photography is world known 61 00:05:16,976 --> 00:05:19,647 When Howard and Michelle got Rusi's message 62 00:05:19,730 --> 00:05:21,065 they were on the mountains 63 00:05:21,106 --> 00:05:27,324 far from the reefs they love 64 00:05:34,500 --> 00:05:36,462 All during that flight I kept wondering 65 00:05:36,503 --> 00:05:39,132 what we could do to help Rusi 66 00:05:39,174 --> 00:05:40,467 Then I realized that 67 00:05:40,508 --> 00:05:42,720 our friend Richard Pyle might know what to do 68 00:05:42,804 --> 00:05:45,349 He is a marine biologist 69 00:05:45,090 --> 00:05:47,218 Across the world 70 00:05:47,161 --> 00:05:51,273 we have Red sea, east Africa, Maldives, Philippines 71 00:05:51,316 --> 00:05:54,070 We're seeing this kind of problems showing up 72 00:05:54,111 --> 00:05:55,738 unprecedent rates 73 00:05:55,780 --> 00:05:58,158 Richard showed us how coral reefs dying 74 00:05:58,201 --> 00:06:01,913 at alarming rate all around the world 75 00:06:01,997 --> 00:06:05,500 Ocean warming is the major cause 76 00:06:05,500 --> 00:06:09,815 Richard urged us to document coral reefs on film for science 77 00:06:09,892 --> 00:06:13,388 before they disappear 78 00:06:13,429 --> 00:06:16,642 We knew the IMAX camera with its credible clarity 79 00:06:16,684 --> 00:06:21,816 was the best way to do this 80 00:06:21,858 --> 00:06:25,196 Our mission was clear 81 00:06:25,238 --> 00:06:28,242 bring back images that would give scientists insides 82 00:06:28,284 --> 00:06:31,830 and why Rusi's reef was dying 83 00:06:31,872 --> 00:06:33,625 We needed to compare Rusi's reef 84 00:06:33,666 --> 00:06:36,670 to other reefs all across the South Pacific 85 00:06:36,712 --> 00:06:39,299 starting with the largest of them all 86 00:06:39,340 --> 00:06:45,558 The Great Barrier Reef 87 00:07:00,995 --> 00:07:02,832 The prospect of diving coral reef 88 00:07:02,873 --> 00:07:04,960 all across the South Pacific 89 00:07:05,001 --> 00:07:08,881 was a bit like a dream come true 90 00:07:08,924 --> 00:07:11,052 We would make hundreds of dives 91 00:07:11,093 --> 00:07:13,638 and some of these would be deeper and more dangerous 92 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:15,975 than anything we have done before 93 00:07:16,016 --> 00:07:18,437 It would be a most important expedition 94 00:07:18,478 --> 00:07:24,696 in our 30 years' diving together 95 00:07:26,239 --> 00:07:28,117 Parts of the Great Barrier Reef 96 00:07:28,158 --> 00:07:32,248 had been protected from overfishing for two decades 97 00:07:32,289 --> 00:07:34,917 The first goal of this ten-month expedition 98 00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:41,176 was to see how well that protection really worked 99 00:07:54,570 --> 00:07:56,782 When I first dove here 22 years ago 100 00:07:56,823 --> 00:07:58,910 these giant clams were not here 101 00:07:58,951 --> 00:08:03,291 They've been long fished out by commercial fishmen 102 00:08:03,332 --> 00:08:06,211 Today we've seen 12 giant clams 103 00:08:06,254 --> 00:08:07,338 That's a great sign 104 00:08:07,380 --> 00:08:13,346 That means this reef is bouncing back 105 00:08:13,388 --> 00:08:16,267 A local marine biologist named Tracey Medway 106 00:08:16,309 --> 00:08:20,523 let us to the giant potato cod 107 00:08:20,565 --> 00:08:21,441 They're called potato cut 108 00:08:21,482 --> 00:08:23,903 because they have these splash potato shape 109 00:08:23,944 --> 00:08:30,162 marking on the sides 110 00:08:30,495 --> 00:08:32,081 Through out most of the South Pacific 111 00:08:32,122 --> 00:08:35,251 the really large fish have been wiped up by fishmen 112 00:08:35,294 --> 00:08:41,510 Potato cod thrive here, and because of the laws that protect them 113 00:08:47,311 --> 00:08:50,523 This vegetarian convectangs protect the reef 114 00:08:50,565 --> 00:08:54,988 neighboring away seaweeds that smudged the corals 115 00:08:55,029 --> 00:08:57,700 If too many of these kinds of fish are removed 116 00:08:57,741 --> 00:09:00,454 corals will die 117 00:09:00,495 --> 00:09:04,585 That's why overfishing destroys reefs 118 00:09:04,626 --> 00:09:06,253 We often don't realize 119 00:09:06,294 --> 00:09:08,381 how two species benefit each other 120 00:09:08,422 --> 00:09:13,429 until one of them disappears 121 00:09:13,472 --> 00:09:15,725 Just as the fish protect the reef 122 00:09:15,766 --> 00:09:19,605 the coral offers homes and hiding places for the fish 123 00:09:19,647 --> 00:09:21,816 anything from a simple shack 124 00:09:21,859 --> 00:09:23,775 to a custom dream home 125 00:09:24,100 --> 00:09:27,075 ♪♪ I'll light the fire ♪♪ 126 00:09:28,000 --> 00:09:32,775 ♪♪ You place the flowers in the vase ♪♪ 127 00:09:32,775 --> 00:09:37,500 ♪♪ that you bought today ♪♪ 128 00:09:42,219 --> 00:09:45,933 Gobies often share a home with boodles of shrimp 129 00:09:45,975 --> 00:09:48,437 Whenever he ventures out of the burrow 130 00:09:48,521 --> 00:09:52,609 the shrimp keeps at least one antenna on the goby 131 00:09:52,651 --> 00:09:55,030 The goby gets a unpackable burrow to live in 132 00:09:55,071 --> 00:09:57,365 without lifting a fin 133 00:09:57,449 --> 00:10:01,330 and the very near-sighted shrimp gets a bodyguard 134 00:10:01,371 --> 00:10:02,873 With flick of its tale 135 00:10:02,916 --> 00:10:07,132 the goby warns the shrimp of approaching predators 136 00:10:08,500 --> 00:10:14,400 ♪♪ Our house is very very fine house ♪♪ 137 00:10:14,500 --> 00:10:17,632 ♪♪ with two cats in the yard ♪♪ 138 00:10:17,732 --> 00:10:21,055 ♪♪ Life used to be so hard ♪♪ 139 00:10:21,066 --> 00:10:24,332 ♪♪ Now everything is easy ♪♪ 140 00:10:24,332 --> 00:10:28,232 ♪♪ 'Cause of you ♪♪ 141 00:10:28,632 --> 00:10:31,808 ♪♪ I'll light the fire ♪♪ 142 00:10:32,208 --> 00:10:37,908 ♪♪ While you place the flowers in the vase ♪♪ 143 00:10:38,008 --> 00:10:40,008 ♪♪ that you bought ♪♪ 144 00:10:40,008 --> 00:10:41,460 This hundred year old coral 145 00:10:41,502 --> 00:10:42,837 makes a nice dinner's office 146 00:10:42,678 --> 00:10:45,050 for potato cod 147 00:10:46,092 --> 00:10:47,294 A small fish 148 00:10:47,336 --> 00:10:48,896 a cleaner ras 149 00:10:48,937 --> 00:10:50,982 swims right into the cod's mouth 150 00:10:51,024 --> 00:10:57,241 to feed and parasites 151 00:10:57,699 --> 00:11:00,328 The cods gets grunt 152 00:11:00,371 --> 00:11:03,332 and the ras gets dinner 153 00:11:03,375 --> 00:11:07,881 Partnerships like this seem to require mutual trust 154 00:11:07,922 --> 00:11:12,429 lots of trust 155 00:11:12,470 --> 00:11:14,932 Cat Holloway, a coral researcher 156 00:11:14,973 --> 00:11:21,191 joined Michelle to study interest species communication 157 00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:40,700 ♪♪ So we change partners ♪♪ 158 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:46,400 ♪♪ Time to change partners ♪♪ 159 00:11:46,400 --> 00:11:52,800 ♪♪ We must change partners ♪♪ 160 00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:54,278 I was afraid I was gonna hallen 161 00:11:54,321 --> 00:11:55,864 maybe swollen it 162 00:11:55,905 --> 00:11:57,074 but I didn't 163 00:11:57,116 --> 00:12:03,333 It just trig and pinch a little bit 164 00:12:03,416 --> 00:12:06,588 I was studying animal behavior for so many years 165 00:12:06,629 --> 00:12:07,714 This was 166 00:12:07,755 --> 00:12:09,132 this was different 167 00:12:08,273 --> 00:12:10,892 This was a chance for meet it 168 00:12:10,134 --> 00:12:15,182 actually be part of it 169 00:12:15,225 --> 00:12:19,397 Cooperation between species sustains live here 170 00:12:19,438 --> 00:12:23,152 but sometimes it's almost invisible 171 00:12:23,193 --> 00:12:25,739 The corals' most important partners 172 00:12:25,781 --> 00:12:28,159 are tiny microscopic algae 173 00:12:28,243 --> 00:12:34,167 that actually live inside the coral animal tissues 174 00:12:34,208 --> 00:12:37,806 This helper algae use sunlight to produce sugar 175 00:12:37,947 --> 00:12:38,924 the primary food source 176 00:12:38,965 --> 00:12:43,055 that give corals the energy to build reefs 177 00:12:43,096 --> 00:12:47,101 Most corals cannot survive without helper algae 178 00:12:47,144 --> 00:12:48,478 But worldwide 179 00:12:48,521 --> 00:12:50,481 abnoramly warm sea water 180 00:12:50,524 --> 00:12:54,361 theatens this partnership 181 00:12:54,404 --> 00:12:56,448 Time-up photography can show us how 182 00:12:56,489 --> 00:12:58,075 in just one week 183 00:12:58,117 --> 00:13:04,334 that changed 2 degree centigrade drives the algae out 184 00:13:04,835 --> 00:13:06,838 Without its main food source 185 00:13:06,879 --> 00:13:12,304 the coral bleaches ghostly white 186 00:13:12,345 --> 00:13:14,139 If the algae don't return 187 00:13:14,182 --> 00:13:20,398 the coral starves 188 00:13:21,233 --> 00:13:23,361 Here in Australia we went to some places 189 00:13:23,402 --> 00:13:25,279 that we've been to 20 years before 190 00:13:25,322 --> 00:13:26,740 and our surprise is to see that 191 00:13:26,782 --> 00:13:32,999 some of the reefs are so damaged because of ocean warming 192 00:13:35,753 --> 00:13:38,681 Part of Australian survey gave us a baseline 193 00:13:38,623 --> 00:13:40,844 for understanding what was going wrong 194 00:13:40,885 --> 00:13:41,845 at Rusi's reef 195 00:13:41,886 --> 00:13:45,000 2000 miles away in Fiji 196 00:13:45,500 --> 00:13:48,500 Got out of town on a boat 197 00:13:48,500 --> 00:13:51,100 Goin' to Southern islands 198 00:13:51,800 --> 00:13:53,700 Sailing a reach 199 00:13:54,000 --> 00:13:57,500 Before a followin' sea 200 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:00,650 She was makin' for the trades 201 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,800 On the outside 202 00:14:04,000 --> 00:14:06,200 And the downhill run 203 00:14:06,300 --> 00:14:09,500 To Papeete 204 00:14:10,500 --> 00:14:16,100 I have been around the world 205 00:14:16,601 --> 00:14:17,501 Looking you 206 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:21,900 Lookin' for that woman/girl 207 00:14:21,901 --> 00:14:23,301 Who knows you 208 00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:25,004 Who knows love can endure 209 00:14:25,038 --> 00:14:26,632 when we got to Fiji 210 00:14:26,673 --> 00:14:32,791 it didn't take five minutes to reconnect with Rusi 211 00:14:33,992 --> 00:14:38,924 Howard made me smile again 212 00:14:38,966 --> 00:14:41,344 Michelle and I were eager to help Rusi 213 00:14:41,385 --> 00:14:42,345 but first 214 00:14:42,387 --> 00:14:48,604 we had to pay our respects to local tradition 215 00:14:50,106 --> 00:14:53,361 Before outsiders can direct my home island 216 00:14:53,402 --> 00:14:59,285 the elders must grant permission 217 00:14:59,328 --> 00:15:03,500 My people have always limited fishing 218 00:15:03,541 --> 00:15:05,628 This tradition of reef conservation 219 00:15:05,669 --> 00:15:07,922 has worked well for centuries 220 00:15:07,965 --> 00:15:12,137 till now 221 00:15:12,178 --> 00:15:14,891 First I wanted Howard to see village reef 222 00:15:14,932 --> 00:15:21,149 as it used to be 223 00:15:29,202 --> 00:15:32,381 The reef looked great with plenty of small fish 224 00:15:32,323 --> 00:15:34,876 but we didn't see nearly as many big fish 225 00:15:34,818 --> 00:15:36,880 as we did in Australia 226 00:15:36,921 --> 00:15:42,930 and that worried me 227 00:15:42,971 --> 00:15:45,558 But time had come 228 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:51,817 I took Howard and Michelle further down the reef 229 00:15:55,288 --> 00:16:01,205 I wonder where all the animal has gone 230 00:16:01,664 --> 00:16:05,252 These reefs are dying 231 00:16:05,294 --> 00:16:11,511 and all just makes me very sad 232 00:16:13,394 --> 00:16:16,059 Seeing so much of this reef destroyed 233 00:16:16,401 --> 00:16:17,644 we realized that 234 00:16:17,687 --> 00:16:21,233 Rusi's reef may be what all coral reefs look like 235 00:16:21,274 --> 00:16:27,075 in 30 years 236 00:16:27,116 --> 00:16:30,871 Our reef used to be home to so many creatures 237 00:16:30,912 --> 00:16:37,130 but now they're almost all gone 238 00:16:40,242 --> 00:16:41,887 After seeing all these destruction though 239 00:16:41,928 --> 00:16:48,145 I saw an octopus 240 00:16:48,437 --> 00:16:50,983 Octopus is made like a tent with the body 241 00:16:51,024 --> 00:16:53,402 They put out their eight arms and 242 00:16:53,243 --> 00:16:59,161 actually traps shrimps and crab that live on the reef 243 00:17:04,001 --> 00:17:06,004 Here up it's to figure out 244 00:17:06,045 --> 00:17:09,466 how to survive 245 00:17:09,509 --> 00:17:15,725 Not many reef tolerates to do that 246 00:17:19,648 --> 00:17:22,067 For islanders survive by fishing 247 00:17:22,109 --> 00:17:25,281 the death of the reef has really hit us hard 248 00:17:25,322 --> 00:17:31,539 especially when you have children to feed 249 00:17:35,670 --> 00:17:38,506 But what kill Rusi's reef? 250 00:17:38,590 --> 00:17:43,013 Foreign fishing fleets have overfished this waters 251 00:17:43,055 --> 00:17:44,607 and monitors tell us that 252 00:17:44,748 --> 00:17:49,772 the ocean is 2 degrees warmer than normal 253 00:17:49,815 --> 00:17:53,820 I found more bleached coral and no big fish 254 00:17:53,862 --> 00:17:55,800 but I had a hunch that 255 00:17:55,800 --> 00:17:57,900 ocean warming and overfishing 256 00:17:58,000 --> 00:17:59,900 were not the only problems 257 00:18:07,547 --> 00:18:09,417 10 miles inland 258 00:18:09,458 --> 00:18:11,928 when tropical rain forests were cut down 259 00:18:11,970 --> 00:18:18,187 the river turned muddy with silt 260 00:18:23,612 --> 00:18:25,614 Two rivers merge 261 00:18:25,656 --> 00:18:27,993 One with logging upstream 262 00:18:28,034 --> 00:18:30,913 one without 263 00:18:30,954 --> 00:18:37,172 There's only one place for all that settlement to go 264 00:18:38,132 --> 00:18:39,675 At the mouth of the river 265 00:18:39,717 --> 00:18:40,718 silt blocks the sun light 266 00:18:40,760 --> 00:18:45,183 that the coral needs for growth 267 00:18:45,224 --> 00:18:46,851 Rusi's reef had been hit 268 00:18:46,894 --> 00:18:50,732 by a combination of stresses 269 00:18:50,774 --> 00:18:55,823 ocean warming, overfishing and siltation 270 00:18:55,864 --> 00:18:58,400 Corals may fight off one threat 271 00:18:58,442 --> 00:19:02,416 but three at once proved too much 272 00:19:02,457 --> 00:19:04,751 Now I understood the problem better 273 00:19:04,794 --> 00:19:06,879 but what could I do 274 00:19:06,922 --> 00:19:09,349 Howard thougt a healthier reef 275 00:19:09,390 --> 00:19:10,969 might give us some answers 276 00:19:11,010 --> 00:19:15,225 We set course for another island 277 00:19:15,266 --> 00:19:18,420 There we joined up with Jean-Michel Cousteau 278 00:19:18,462 --> 00:19:21,984 who is the son of the legendary explorer 279 00:19:22,025 --> 00:19:24,929 Jean-Michel comes to Fiji every year 280 00:19:24,971 --> 00:19:26,390 to help marine biologists 281 00:19:26,373 --> 00:19:28,772 like Maria Joao Rodriguez 282 00:19:28,773 --> 00:19:32,373 monitor coral reefs 283 00:19:31,413 --> 00:19:35,143 We guided Howard and Michelle to a nearby reef 284 00:19:35,185 --> 00:19:37,180 where siltation is not a problem 285 00:19:37,221 --> 00:19:41,261 thanks to mangrove trees 286 00:19:41,502 --> 00:19:43,673 Their roots trap the silt 287 00:19:43,914 --> 00:19:49,022 protecting the reefs 288 00:19:49,063 --> 00:19:51,359 Many fishes use mangroves 289 00:19:51,400 --> 00:19:57,617 as nursery to protect the young 290 00:20:00,037 --> 00:20:01,722 My fellow Fijians 291 00:20:01,763 --> 00:20:04,526 have set aside this beneficial mangroves 292 00:20:04,568 --> 00:20:06,662 as part of marine preserve 293 00:20:07,005 --> 00:20:09,741 making the reef offshore a wonder land 294 00:20:10,084 --> 00:20:15,600 healthy, beautiful and strong 295 00:20:17,870 --> 00:20:23,486 This is the way I want my reef to be 296 00:20:25,130 --> 00:20:28,827 Tropical coral reefs are found worldwide 297 00:20:29,468 --> 00:20:35,086 Fiji is the soft coral capital of the world 298 00:21:17,719 --> 00:21:19,488 Corals are beautiful 299 00:21:19,530 --> 00:21:22,409 but they are also beneficial 300 00:21:22,450 --> 00:21:24,494 Chemical compounds from coral reefs 301 00:21:24,537 --> 00:21:26,247 have been reproduced in the lab 302 00:21:26,289 --> 00:21:28,668 to provide relief from crownic pain 303 00:21:28,709 --> 00:21:30,211 ease child birth 304 00:21:30,252 --> 00:21:35,594 and even extend the life of AIDS patients 305 00:21:35,635 --> 00:21:38,181 Corals share their food 306 00:21:38,222 --> 00:21:44,440 in fact many of them share the same stomach 307 00:22:01,254 --> 00:22:03,257 When the current picks up speed 308 00:22:03,298 --> 00:22:04,926 time lab photograph shows 309 00:22:04,968 --> 00:22:08,556 how these soft corals inflate like balloons 310 00:22:08,598 --> 00:22:14,814 to trap passing morshals 311 00:22:16,442 --> 00:22:18,863 On a healthy reef like this 312 00:22:18,904 --> 00:22:25,121 you see so many different creatures 313 00:22:27,666 --> 00:22:30,295 We prefer not to approach these animals 314 00:22:30,336 --> 00:22:34,801 it's better they come to us 315 00:22:34,842 --> 00:22:36,553 This distant cousin of the cobra 316 00:22:36,595 --> 00:22:40,183 can kill a person with its venom in a matter of minutes 317 00:22:40,225 --> 00:22:42,397 but they rarely bite humans 318 00:22:42,838 --> 00:22:45,655 Michelle is counting on it 319 00:22:52,751 --> 00:22:55,539 We learn a lot of outer reef from its animals 320 00:22:55,580 --> 00:22:57,874 and so do the children 321 00:22:57,917 --> 00:23:04,133 There is more to the reef than meets the eye 322 00:23:11,734 --> 00:23:15,734 Teach your children well 323 00:23:16,435 --> 00:23:23,635 Their father's hell did slowly go by 324 00:23:26,164 --> 00:23:32,381 Observation is the first step in science 325 00:23:33,466 --> 00:23:34,835 Who would notice 326 00:23:34,876 --> 00:23:38,264 that yellow dancing fish got their tiny eggs 327 00:23:38,305 --> 00:23:41,477 before they hatch 328 00:23:41,519 --> 00:23:44,189 All that the sea cucumber feed is waste 329 00:23:44,231 --> 00:23:50,447 leaving the reef cleaner for all 330 00:23:51,282 --> 00:23:55,955 Some of the finest marine biologists are Fijians 331 00:23:55,998 --> 00:23:58,614 We could ever expect scientists now mixed 332 00:23:59,315 --> 00:24:02,515 Don't you ever ask them why 333 00:24:02,516 --> 00:24:05,416 if they told you, you would cry 334 00:24:05,417 --> 00:24:11,917 So just look at them and sigh 335 00:24:11,918 --> 00:24:16,718 I know they love you 336 00:24:26,206 --> 00:24:28,834 We've learned that we don't inherit the earth 337 00:24:28,876 --> 00:24:30,587 from our parents 338 00:24:30,628 --> 00:24:35,803 we borrow it from our children 339 00:24:35,844 --> 00:24:39,975 Children love this spot fish they've never seen before 340 00:24:40,016 --> 00:24:43,646 that same through of discovery drives many scientists 341 00:24:43,730 --> 00:24:45,513 like Richard Pyle 342 00:24:45,814 --> 00:24:48,514 I catch little fish, little fish for science 343 00:24:49,655 --> 00:24:53,118 Richard Pyle calls himself a fish nut 344 00:24:53,160 --> 00:24:58,135 He studies fish on the deepest parts of coral reefs 345 00:24:58,176 --> 00:25:00,212 the deeper down we go on the coral reef 346 00:25:00,253 --> 00:25:02,297 the less we know 347 00:25:02,340 --> 00:25:06,471 I wanna find out what lives there 348 00:25:06,512 --> 00:25:08,640 You can't get a true picture of coral reef 349 00:25:08,681 --> 00:25:10,618 if you only look at part of it 350 00:25:10,659 --> 00:25:13,588 But deep dives could be really dangerous 351 00:25:13,631 --> 00:25:16,025 Even using special breathing devices 352 00:25:16,066 --> 00:25:18,529 we could still get a fatal disease 353 00:25:18,570 --> 00:25:21,902 called "the bans" 354 00:25:22,745 --> 00:25:25,497 I nearly lost Howard on a deep dive 355 00:25:25,538 --> 00:25:27,791 only two months ago 356 00:25:27,833 --> 00:25:30,754 He had a bad case of "the bans" 357 00:25:30,796 --> 00:25:34,175 it could have killed him 358 00:25:34,217 --> 00:25:36,470 To stop the progression of the illness 359 00:25:36,512 --> 00:25:38,682 I began breathing pure oxygen 360 00:25:38,723 --> 00:25:40,559 but it didn't seem to help 361 00:25:40,600 --> 00:25:44,565 I was losing all feeling in my right leg 362 00:25:44,606 --> 00:25:46,818 One of the terrify moments for me 363 00:25:46,859 --> 00:25:50,198 was actually seeing him stumble 364 00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:54,287 I just thought it can't be happening 365 00:25:54,328 --> 00:25:56,873 Michelle rushed Howard to the hospital 366 00:25:56,916 --> 00:25:59,544 hoping the specially pressurized chamber 367 00:25:59,586 --> 00:26:01,714 might hold the illness 368 00:26:01,755 --> 00:26:06,429 and save his life 369 00:26:06,470 --> 00:26:08,139 Thank god for the communication system 370 00:26:08,181 --> 00:26:14,397 because at least then I could talk to him 371 00:26:15,441 --> 00:26:17,652 Howard survived 372 00:26:17,695 --> 00:26:19,572 but his close call was on my mind that 373 00:26:19,613 --> 00:26:25,455 we prepare for the dive to the 350 feet 374 00:26:25,497 --> 00:26:28,041 The next day on the deep dive 375 00:26:28,084 --> 00:26:30,128 Howard and Richard would face pressures 376 00:26:30,169 --> 00:26:33,383 nearly 12 times greater than the normal 377 00:26:33,424 --> 00:26:35,470 But they're expert divers 378 00:26:35,511 --> 00:26:38,056 and there's much to learn by exploring regions 379 00:26:38,099 --> 00:26:40,615 where so little is known 380 00:26:55,998 --> 00:26:59,210 Support divers attach safety tanks to a life line 381 00:26:59,252 --> 00:27:00,500 every 50 feet 382 00:27:00,700 --> 00:27:03,200 Into the darkness 383 00:27:03,200 --> 00:27:05,300 Soon you'll be sinking 384 00:27:05,300 --> 00:27:07,800 What are you doing 385 00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:10,600 What can you be thinking 386 00:27:10,600 --> 00:27:12,700 All of your friends 387 00:27:12,700 --> 00:27:15,000 trying to warn you 388 00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:17,600 That some of your demons 389 00:27:17,700 --> 00:27:20,500 Are trying to drag you 390 00:27:20,500 --> 00:27:21,000 Away 391 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:25,468 Into the darkness 392 00:27:25,468 --> 00:27:28,000 Into the darkness 393 00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:30,000 Away 394 00:27:31,000 --> 00:27:33,000 Roger, 100 feet 395 00:27:33,091 --> 00:27:34,759 As we descent 396 00:27:34,802 --> 00:27:37,472 too much oxygen is bad 397 00:27:37,513 --> 00:27:39,683 too little is worst 398 00:27:39,725 --> 00:27:42,042 both can kill you 399 00:27:42,143 --> 00:27:43,043 OK 400 00:27:48,946 --> 00:27:54,036 The safety divers go down as far as he can and stop 401 00:27:54,078 --> 00:27:55,246 After that 402 00:27:55,288 --> 00:28:01,505 we are on our own 403 00:28:02,799 --> 00:28:04,885 As we drop down the reef wall 404 00:28:04,926 --> 00:28:07,930 it gets darker and colder 405 00:28:07,973 --> 00:28:12,229 and in a way we are going back in time 406 00:28:11,970 --> 00:28:13,731 At 200 feet 407 00:28:13,772 --> 00:28:16,860 we pass lime stone deposited the lay down 408 00:28:16,901 --> 00:28:19,113 20,000 years ago 409 00:28:19,155 --> 00:28:25,372 back when this was the top of the reef 410 00:28:29,961 --> 00:28:31,631 At 350 feet 411 00:28:31,672 --> 00:28:36,262 we enter the twilight zone 412 00:28:36,303 --> 00:28:38,615 It's sort of spooky but wonderful 413 00:28:38,615 --> 00:28:40,059 to look around the reef that 414 00:28:40,143 --> 00:28:46,359 no one has ever layed eyes on before 415 00:28:55,580 --> 00:29:01,798 It's starting to get interesting 416 00:29:03,007 --> 00:29:06,024 We don't see any coral relying on sunlight 417 00:29:06,225 --> 00:29:09,725 It's that we see fan corals and weed corals 418 00:29:09,975 --> 00:29:13,998 This reef community definitely appeared to be thriving 419 00:29:14,541 --> 00:29:17,570 In his quest to find out what lives down here 420 00:29:17,611 --> 00:29:21,282 Richard can only bring a few specialment back to the surface 421 00:29:21,325 --> 00:29:27,541 to be documented for science 422 00:29:27,750 --> 00:29:30,504 Looking around I see at least a dozen new fish species 423 00:29:30,545 --> 00:29:32,548 that I have never seen before 424 00:29:32,590 --> 00:29:38,807 I doubt anyone has ever seen them before 425 00:29:42,270 --> 00:29:43,772 Scientists like Richard 426 00:29:43,814 --> 00:29:45,691 are mapping the web of life that 427 00:29:45,734 --> 00:29:47,862 we are all part of 428 00:29:47,903 --> 00:29:50,323 Each new fish Richard finds 429 00:29:50,365 --> 00:29:53,327 holds millions of years of genetic engineering 430 00:29:53,369 --> 00:29:59,585 for medical research 431 00:30:06,638 --> 00:30:08,473 Then the intense water pressure 432 00:30:08,515 --> 00:30:10,350 cause the primary camera 433 00:30:10,393 --> 00:30:14,356 to mulfunction 434 00:30:14,399 --> 00:30:19,238 I was glad that Howard coordinated into the dive 435 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:20,824 We hoped that Howard's images 436 00:30:20,865 --> 00:30:22,868 would let scientist explore reef 437 00:30:22,910 --> 00:30:27,792 that they might never be able to dive on their own 438 00:30:27,833 --> 00:30:29,795 It's not everyday you could do witness 439 00:30:29,836 --> 00:30:32,966 that a discovery of a new species of fish 440 00:30:33,007 --> 00:30:34,759 You see the red one with the long tale 441 00:30:34,802 --> 00:30:35,803 that's what I was really excited 442 00:30:35,845 --> 00:30:38,014 That's definitely live 443 00:30:38,056 --> 00:30:44,273 Oh yeh, I see those all the time 444 00:31:07,388 --> 00:31:08,724 Until quite recently 445 00:31:08,765 --> 00:31:10,260 the deep coral reef was 446 00:31:10,203 --> 00:31:14,732 the big dark boy on the map of life 447 00:31:14,774 --> 00:31:16,151 But each new discovery 448 00:31:16,192 --> 00:31:19,947 leads us to the new connections 449 00:31:19,990 --> 00:31:23,001 This may seen like just some insignificant little red fish 450 00:31:23,044 --> 00:31:24,453 But it's very important piece 451 00:31:24,496 --> 00:31:26,331 to the biodiversity puzzle 452 00:31:26,374 --> 00:31:28,793 as soon as I saw I knew it's something different 453 00:31:28,834 --> 00:31:34,426 The months of hard work in Fiji paid off 454 00:31:34,467 --> 00:31:36,262 Rusi have seen first time 455 00:31:36,304 --> 00:31:39,934 how corals can thrive when reefs are protected 456 00:31:39,975 --> 00:31:45,441 He is now ready to return to his home island 457 00:31:45,483 --> 00:31:47,535 My fellow Fijians have shown me 458 00:31:47,578 --> 00:31:49,531 how to set up a marine preserve 459 00:31:49,572 --> 00:31:51,199 protect the mangroves 460 00:31:51,241 --> 00:31:54,663 and even cut logging operations 461 00:31:54,704 --> 00:31:59,169 I really want to get started 462 00:31:59,210 --> 00:32:01,880 Here in Fiji we've seen some amazing reefs 463 00:32:01,923 --> 00:32:05,135 but we've also seen a lot of coral damage 464 00:32:05,219 --> 00:32:07,597 The siltation we saw in Rusi's reef 465 00:32:07,638 --> 00:32:10,392 let us to a next question 466 00:32:10,435 --> 00:32:11,894 Is closeness to shore 467 00:32:11,937 --> 00:32:18,153 a major risk factor for corals? 468 00:32:18,487 --> 00:32:20,198 French Polynesia is a perfect place 469 00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:22,457 for answering this question 470 00:32:23,558 --> 00:32:31,858 Sailing a reach before a following sea 471 00:32:31,859 --> 00:32:42,359 On the downhill run to Papeete 472 00:32:43,814 --> 00:32:45,274 In French Polynesia 473 00:32:45,316 --> 00:32:47,068 Howard and Michelle started with 474 00:32:47,111 --> 00:32:50,490 the heavily populated islands of Tahiti and Moorea 475 00:32:50,532 --> 00:32:54,537 where the reefs are close to shore 476 00:32:54,579 --> 00:32:57,416 But with only six weeks left in the whole expedition 477 00:32:57,458 --> 00:33:03,675 Howard had to get the big picture fast 478 00:33:13,981 --> 00:33:15,358 I'm used to hang gliders 479 00:33:15,441 --> 00:33:18,780 I'm used to fly around that the contraption like this 480 00:33:18,862 --> 00:33:21,158 But there is still something not quite right 481 00:33:21,199 --> 00:33:27,417 about the engine that will fit in my backpack 482 00:33:33,257 --> 00:33:36,512 Moorea is sort of like Rusi's island 483 00:33:36,555 --> 00:33:38,707 The coral here is very sensitive 484 00:33:38,748 --> 00:33:40,185 to siltation and pollution 485 00:33:40,226 --> 00:33:44,648 because the corals are very close to the shore 486 00:33:44,691 --> 00:33:47,987 After checking out the north side of Moorea 487 00:33:48,028 --> 00:33:54,245 we head across the mountain to survey the south coast 488 00:34:29,528 --> 00:34:30,671 Even near towns 489 00:34:30,712 --> 00:34:34,135 we didn't spot much reef damage 490 00:34:34,636 --> 00:34:37,236 Coastal development puts reef in jeopardy 491 00:34:37,347 --> 00:34:41,085 Siltation, pollution and the lose of mangroves 492 00:34:41,126 --> 00:34:43,272 are all serious risks 493 00:34:43,314 --> 00:34:45,450 But resource like this proved that 494 00:34:45,491 --> 00:34:48,270 respecting the environment is good business 495 00:34:48,311 --> 00:34:54,329 because tourists avoid damage reefs 496 00:35:02,506 --> 00:35:03,967 Our flight over Moorea 497 00:35:04,209 --> 00:35:05,970 just gave us a first impression 498 00:35:06,011 --> 00:35:07,756 so was time running out 499 00:35:07,797 --> 00:35:10,142 I turned to reef check aboard the survey boat 500 00:35:10,185 --> 00:35:12,479 the Quicksilver Crossing 501 00:35:12,520 --> 00:35:16,944 Reef check has over 4,000 sport divers in 60 countries 502 00:35:16,985 --> 00:35:21,116 monitoring the health of coral reefs 503 00:35:21,157 --> 00:35:22,785 We ask three check voluntaries 504 00:35:22,827 --> 00:35:24,580 to check the coral damage here in Moorea 505 00:35:24,621 --> 00:35:27,166 to find out if the reefs close to shore 506 00:35:27,208 --> 00:35:33,424 are the most severely damaged 507 00:35:42,187 --> 00:35:43,188 From the air 508 00:35:43,231 --> 00:35:46,235 it's clear how these volcanic islands formed 509 00:35:46,276 --> 00:35:52,493 and how coral reefs formed around them 510 00:35:53,536 --> 00:35:55,624 The steepest and youngest islands 511 00:35:55,625 --> 00:35:57,125 Tahiti and Moorea 512 00:35:57,125 --> 00:35:58,752 stands tall 513 00:35:58,793 --> 00:36:02,173 These islands have not eroded and subsided much 514 00:36:02,257 --> 00:36:07,073 so the coral reefs ringing them is not far offshore 515 00:36:11,373 --> 00:36:14,231 Bora Bora is mid-raise 516 00:36:14,231 --> 00:36:17,486 The volcano has subsided and eroded somewhat 517 00:36:17,528 --> 00:36:20,953 and the reefs are farther from shore 518 00:36:23,894 --> 00:36:24,805 The final state 519 00:36:24,846 --> 00:36:29,211 is this flat donut of island called an atoll 520 00:36:29,252 --> 00:36:32,966 The volcano has completely subsided back into the sea 521 00:36:33,007 --> 00:36:39,225 leaving a ring of coral which once circled a tall mountain 522 00:36:41,478 --> 00:36:45,358 The team headed for the second largest atoll in the world 523 00:36:45,400 --> 00:36:46,985 Rangeroa 524 00:36:47,027 --> 00:36:53,244 to survey the remotest reefs in French Polynesia 525 00:36:53,995 --> 00:36:55,514 10 years ago 526 00:36:55,557 --> 00:36:59,211 a cyclone wiped out most Rangeroa's coral 527 00:36:59,253 --> 00:37:00,921 But storms are natural events 528 00:37:00,964 --> 00:37:03,592 and coral reef still recover from them 529 00:37:03,634 --> 00:37:08,682 as long as human impacts don't interfere 530 00:37:08,724 --> 00:37:14,941 Here the coral seems small but healthy 531 00:37:16,485 --> 00:37:19,196 Right away we saw two male para fish 532 00:37:19,238 --> 00:37:22,619 fighting over territory 533 00:37:22,901 --> 00:37:28,919 This was a sign of large thriving fish population 534 00:37:31,597 --> 00:37:33,592 But why haven't we seen the huge schools 535 00:37:33,634 --> 00:37:39,392 of gray reef sharks Rangeroa so famous for 536 00:37:39,433 --> 00:37:43,147 Their absence is not necessarily a danger sign for corals 537 00:37:43,189 --> 00:37:47,069 but it could seen a random balancing the whole reef eco system 538 00:37:47,110 --> 00:37:53,161 so finding the shark became our main goal 539 00:37:53,203 --> 00:37:55,706 We search the shark's favorite hangouts 540 00:37:55,747 --> 00:38:01,965 but they didn't seem to be home 541 00:38:04,885 --> 00:38:06,695 We use caution because 542 00:38:06,737 --> 00:38:07,723 one thing you don't want to do 543 00:38:07,764 --> 00:38:13,981 is catch a grey reef shark by surprise 544 00:38:15,943 --> 00:38:19,054 If the sharks arow roaming reef and the shallow water 545 00:38:19,097 --> 00:38:20,281 the quickest way to spot them 546 00:38:20,324 --> 00:38:23,495 is from the outer light 547 00:38:23,836 --> 00:38:25,062 Throughout the Pacific 548 00:38:25,146 --> 00:38:27,766 whole population of sharks had been wiped out 549 00:38:27,809 --> 00:38:29,336 by commercial fishermen 550 00:38:29,678 --> 00:38:32,048 Grey reef shark are especially vulnerable 551 00:38:32,090 --> 00:38:35,762 and that's what worry me 552 00:38:35,803 --> 00:38:38,766 The area search for sharks turns out nothing 553 00:38:38,807 --> 00:38:40,560 and we are running out of time 554 00:38:40,602 --> 00:38:42,813 But there is one last place to look 555 00:38:42,855 --> 00:38:45,025 to put a pass 556 00:38:45,066 --> 00:38:51,283 Here the current just screams 557 00:39:24,580 --> 00:39:27,042 Hundreds of starvel sharks are hanging out 558 00:39:27,083 --> 00:39:29,753 like street gang in this little canyon 559 00:39:29,796 --> 00:39:31,548 We were being swept right , into them 560 00:39:31,589 --> 00:39:37,807 and there is nothing we can do about it 561 00:39:56,623 --> 00:39:59,128 Could they be mating 562 00:39:59,569 --> 00:40:01,204 This is when you try very hard 563 00:40:01,246 --> 00:40:04,009 not to look like a shark 564 00:40:04,051 --> 00:40:10,268 I had two friends badly biten by gray reef sharks 565 00:40:11,019 --> 00:40:13,013 The most social of all sharks 566 00:40:13,055 --> 00:40:19,072 grace tender swimming tight groups 567 00:40:28,777 --> 00:40:30,421 I've been diving for 35 years 568 00:40:30,462 --> 00:40:34,051 but I've never seen the likes of this 569 00:40:34,092 --> 00:40:36,871 There must be 300 sharks in this school 570 00:40:36,913 --> 00:40:41,728 and that's a healthy number 571 00:40:41,971 --> 00:40:44,490 This big school doesn't close the book 572 00:40:44,531 --> 00:40:46,243 but it is a favorable sign 573 00:40:46,285 --> 00:40:52,702 for the health of this reef ecosystem 574 00:40:54,079 --> 00:40:56,973 We party with the sharks for nearly an hour 575 00:40:57,116 --> 00:40:58,126 Knowing that on our way home 576 00:40:58,168 --> 00:40:59,887 we have a current on our backs 577 00:40:59,928 --> 00:41:02,545 so we can go with the flow 578 00:41:06,546 --> 00:41:10,946 Looking at the world through the sunset in your eyes 579 00:41:10,947 --> 00:41:14,747 Trying to make the train to clear Moroccan skies 580 00:41:14,948 --> 00:41:17,148 Bugs and pigs and chickens call 581 00:41:17,149 --> 00:41:19,249 Animal carpet wall to wall 582 00:41:19,250 --> 00:41:22,950 American man is five foot tall and you 583 00:41:24,451 --> 00:41:28,251 Sweeping cobwebs from the edges of my mind 584 00:41:29,052 --> 00:41:32,652 Had to get away to see what we could find 585 00:41:32,653 --> 00:41:34,953 Hope the days that lie ahead 586 00:41:34,954 --> 00:41:37,154 Bring us back to where they've led 587 00:41:37,155 --> 00:41:40,855 Listen up to what's been said to you 588 00:41:41,956 --> 00:41:49,956 Don't you know we're riding on the Marrakesh Express 589 00:41:49,957 --> 00:41:52,257 They're taking me to Marrakesh 590 00:41:52,157 --> 00:41:54,957 oh oh oh 591 00:41:54,958 --> 00:42:00,158 oh....... 592 00:42:00,537 --> 00:42:03,667 For 10 exhausting but magical months 593 00:42:03,709 --> 00:42:05,600 Michelle and I explored 594 00:42:05,602 --> 00:42:10,310 some of the most magnificent coral reefs on earth 595 00:42:10,951 --> 00:42:11,670 During that time 596 00:42:11,711 --> 00:42:17,529 our concern for corals grew into a shared passion 597 00:42:22,126 --> 00:42:23,762 My people look at the reef 598 00:42:23,804 --> 00:42:26,457 and we don't want to believe such a place 599 00:42:25,998 --> 00:42:30,129 could be gone forever 600 00:42:30,371 --> 00:42:32,631 My friends Howard and Michelle 601 00:42:32,174 --> 00:42:38,182 have given me new tools to heal my village reef 602 00:42:38,524 --> 00:42:42,980 Howard's love for the reefs nearly cost him his life 603 00:42:43,422 --> 00:42:45,733 But after making more than 500 dives 604 00:42:45,275 --> 00:42:49,030 we came back with some really powerful images 605 00:42:49,573 --> 00:42:51,225 One image I can't get out of my mind 606 00:42:51,366 --> 00:42:54,505 is that alone octopus calling to the rubble 607 00:42:54,547 --> 00:43:00,964 Soon it may not have a home 608 00:43:01,973 --> 00:43:04,801 No one sets out to kill a beautiful thing 609 00:43:05,044 --> 00:43:06,312 But when a reef dies 610 00:43:06,354 --> 00:43:10,644 billions of living things die 611 00:43:11,285 --> 00:43:14,123 Corals appear to be dying faster than normal 612 00:43:14,364 --> 00:43:17,864 and the trend is rapidly accelerating 613 00:43:19,705 --> 00:43:21,784 Most living coral reefs as we know them today 614 00:43:22,726 --> 00:43:25,248 could be gone in 30 years 615 00:43:25,689 --> 00:43:27,258 If that happens 616 00:43:27,300 --> 00:43:31,316 then something inside of me will die too 617 00:43:37,722 --> 00:43:40,151 After all the coral reefs have given us 618 00:43:40,193 --> 00:43:43,439 more and more people are now returning the favor 619 00:43:44,023 --> 00:43:46,944 Their supporting leaders who fight global warming 620 00:43:46,985 --> 00:43:48,906 joining teams like "Reef Check" 621 00:43:49,147 --> 00:43:53,369 and getting involved 622 00:43:53,812 --> 00:43:55,155 We may have greater potential 623 00:43:55,197 --> 00:43:56,966 of finding new medicines on 624 00:43:57,007 --> 00:44:00,129 coral reefs than any other environment on earth 625 00:44:00,771 --> 00:44:03,487 To save them is really saving ourselves 626 00:44:03,988 --> 00:44:08,988 Don't ever ask them why 627 00:44:09,389 --> 00:44:12,089 If they told you, you would cry 628 00:44:12,090 --> 00:44:17,490 So just look at them and sigh 629 00:44:17,503 --> 00:44:20,374 It take a long long time to build a coral reef 630 00:44:20,415 --> 00:44:22,577 step by step 631 00:44:22,919 --> 00:44:25,489 The reefs survive on partnerships 632 00:44:25,931 --> 00:44:28,892 and the most important partners the corals have 633 00:44:28,934 --> 00:44:31,050 are YOU and I